Urban Planning in Singapore Reading Answers for IELTS

Understanding and practicing urban planning in Singapore reading answers for IELTS Exam will help you get a better grip on the section. You will be able to build up your confidence in terms of going through questions and finding answers swiftly from the given passages.

Urban Planning in Singapore 

British merchants established a trading post in Singapore in the early nineteenth century, and for more than a century trading interests dominated. However, in 1965 the newly independent island state was cut off from its hinterland, and so it set about pursuing a survival strategy. The good international communications it already enjoyed provided a useful base, but it was decided that if Singapore was to secure its economic future, it must develop its industry. To this end, new institutional structures were needed to facilitate, develop, and control foreign investment. One of the most important of these was the Economic Development Board (EDB), an arm of government that developed strategies for attracting investment. Thus from the outset, the Singaporean government was involved in city promotion.
Towards the end of the twentieth century, the government realized that, due to limits on both the size of the country’s workforce and its land area, its labor-intensive industries were becoming increasingly uncompetitive. So an economic committee was established which concluded that Singapore should focus on developing as a service centre, and seek to attract company headquarters to serve South East Asia, and develop tourism, banking, and offshore activities. The land required for this service-sector orientation had been acquired in the early 1970s when the government realised that it lacked the banking infrastructure for a modern economy. So a new banking and corporate district, known as the ‘Golden Shoe’, was planned, incorporating the historic commercial area. This district now houses all the major companies and various government financial agencies.
 

Singapore’s current economic strategy is closely linked to land use and development planning. Although it is already a major city, the current development plan seeks to ensure Singapore’s continued economic growth through restructuring, to ensure that the facilities needed by future business are planned now. These include transport and telecommunication infrastructure, land, and environmental quality. A major concern is to avoid congestion in the central area, and so the latest plan deviates from previous plans by having a strong decentralization policy. The plan makes provision for four major regional centers, each serving 800,000 people, but this does not mean that the existing central business district will not also grow. A major extension planned around Marina Bay draws on examples of other ‘world cities’, especially those with waterside central areas such as Sydney and San Francisco. The project involves major land reclamation of 667 hectares in total. Part of this has already been developed as a conference and exhibition zone, and the rest will be used for other facilities. However the need for vitality has been recognized and a mixed zoning approach has been adopted, to include housing and entertainment.

One of the new features of the current plan is a broader conception of what contributes to economic success. It encompasses high-quality residential provision, a good environment, leisure facilities and exciting city life. Thus there is more provision for low-density housing, often in waterfront communities linked to beaches and recreational facilities. However, the lower housing densities will put considerable pressure on the very limited land available for development, and this creates problems for another of the plan’s aims, which is to stress environmental quality. More and more of the remaining open area will be developed, and the only natural landscape surviving will be a small zone in the centre of the island which serves as a water catchment area. Environmental policy is therefore very much concerned with making the built environment more green by introducing more plants – what is referred to as the ‘beautification’ of Singapore. The plan focuses on green zones defining the boundaries of settlements, and running along transport corridors. The incidental green provision within housing areas is also given considerable attention.
 

Much of the environmental provision, for example, golf courses, recreation areas, and beaches, is linked to the prime objective of attracting business. The plan places much emphasis on good leisure provision and the need to exploit Singapore’s island setting. One way of doing this is through further land reclamation, to create a whole new island devoted to leisure and luxury housing which will stretch from the central area to the airport. A current concern also appears to be how to use the planning system to create opportunities for greater spontaneity: planners have recently given much attention to the concept of the 24-hour city and the cafe society. For example, a promotion has taken place along the Singapore river to create a cafe zone. This has included the realization, rather late in the day, of the value of retaining older buildings, and the creation of a continuous riverside promenade. Since the relaxation in 1996 of strict guidelines on outdoor eating areas, this has become an extremely popular area in the evenings. Also, in 1998 the Urban Redevelopment Authority created a new entertainment area in the centre of the city which they are promoting as ‘the city’s one-stop, dynamic entertainment scene’.

In conclusion, the economic development of Singapore has been very consciously centrally planned, and the latest strategy is very clearly oriented to establishing Singapore as a leading ‘world city’. It is well placed to succeed, for a variety of reasons. It can draw upon its historic roots as a world trading centre; it has invested heavily in telecommunications and air transport infrastructure; it is well located in relation to other Asian economies; it has developed a safe and clean environment; and it has utilized the international language of English.

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Question 1-6

Complete the summary below using words from the box.
Singapore
When Singapore became an independent, self-sufficient state it decided to build up its (1) industry (It is given in the first paragraph, where the passage mentions how Singapore chose to build industry as a means of survival), and government organizations were created to support this policy. However, this initial plan met with limited success due to a shortage of (2) labor (This is mentioned in the urban planning in Singapore reading passage in the second paragraph. It talks about how the government realized that more labor was required) and land. It was therefore decided to develop the (3) service (The urban planning in Singapore reading answers for this one are in the second paragraph, where it mentions how the government wanted to attract banking, tourism, and other companies along with corporate headquarters) sector of the economy instead.
Singapore is now a leading city, but planners are working to ensure that its economy continues to grow. In contrast to previous policies, there is emphasis on (4) decentralization (this is mentioned in the third paragraph, where it talks about four regional centers being built and the government’s decentralization policy). In addition, land will be recovered to extend the financial district, and provide (5) entertainment (This is also mentioned in the third paragraph, where it talks about mixed-use zoning including housing and entertainment) as well as housing. The government also plans to improve the quality of Singapore’s environment, but due to the shortage of natural landscapes it will concentrate instead on what it calls (6) beautification (this is contained in the fourth paragraph, where the passage mentions how making Singapore greener was regarded as beautification). 

Question 6-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? 

In your Answer Sheet Write:
True  if the statement agrees with the information
False  if the statement contradicts the information
Not Given if there is no information on this.
6. After 1965, the Singaporean government switched the focus of the island’s economy.
a) True (This is mentioned in the first paragraph, where it clearly states how Singapore was cut off and needed a survival strategy and hence the economic focus switched after 1965)

7. The creation of Singapore’s financial centre was delayed while a suitable site was found.
a) False (This is because there is no mention of any delay in the passage. Rather, the passage talks about how a dedicated Golden Shoe was planned for the banking sector and land for the service sector had already been acquired by the 1970s)

8. Singapore’s four regional centres will eventually be the same size as its central business district.
a) Not given (The passage only mentions how four regional centres would serve 800,000 people and the central business district would also keep growing)

9. Planners have modeled new urban developments in other coastal cities.
a)  True (This is mentioned in the fifth paragraph, where it mentions how planners have noted concepts of 24-hour cities and café societies)

10. Plants and trees are amongst the current priorities for Singapore’s city planners.
a) True (This fact is mentioned in the passage, where it states how the beautification of Singapore is a priority through green development)

11. The government has enacted new laws to protect Singapore’s old buildings.
a) Not given (Nowhere in this story of urban planning and development, we find any mention of Singapore’s government enacting laws for safeguarding older buildings)

12. Singapore will find it difficult to compete with leading cities in other parts of the world.
a) False (Singapore is rather poised towards becoming a world city and succeeding at the same as mentioned in the last paragraph)

Answers